The Phytosociology of Weeds in Agroforestry Systems in Different Types of Amazonian Forest Cover
Jefferson dos Santos Martins
Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, Nº2501 Neighborhood: Terra Firme Zip code: 66.077-830 City: Belém-Pará-Brasil, Brazil.
Mariana Casari Parreira
University of the Azores, Institute for Research and Agrarian and Environmental Technologies (IITAA). Rua Capitão João D'Ávila, São Pedro-9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal.
Antonio Marcos Quadros Cunha
Federal University of Pará. Campus Tocantins/Cametá, Rua Padre Antônio Franco - Matinha, Cametá – PA-68400-000, Brazil.
Omar Machado de Vasconcelos
Federal University of Pará, Belém Campus, Rua Augusto Corrêa, GUAMÁ, Belém - PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
Meirevalda do Socorro Ferreira Redig
Federal University of Pará, Campus Tocantins/Cametá, Rua Padre Antônio Franco - Matinha, Cametá - PA, 68400-000, Brazil.
Elonha Rodrigues dos Santos
Faculty of the Amazon (FAMA) Address: Rua Walisson Junior Arrigo, 2043-Bairro Cristo Rei, Vilhena – RO-76983-496, Brazil.
Clovis Maurilio de Souza
Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi Campus, Rua Badejós lt6 7 s/n farms 69/72, rural area, CP. 66 Zip Code-77402970, Gurupi TO, Brazil.
Thiago Gledson Rios Terra
Federal University of Tocantins Gurupi Campus, Rua Badejos, Farms 69-72, s/n, Jardim Sevilha, Gurupi – Tocantins, Brazil.
Elessandra Laura Nogueira Lopes
Federal University of Pará. Campus Tocantins/Cametá, Rua Padre Antônio Franco - Matinha, Cametá – PA-68400-000, Brazil.
Marcos Augusto de Souza Gonçalves
Federal Rural University Amazon. Belem Campus, Av. President Tancredo Neves, No. 2501, TERRA FIRME, Belém – PA-66077-830, Brazil.
Antonio Carlos Martins dos Santos
Federal Institute of Pará. Campus Itaituba, Rua Universitário, s/n - Bairro Maria Magdalena Itaituba / PA, CEP: 68183-300, Brazil.
Jakson Leite
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará, Campus Itaituba R. Universitário, s/n - Maria Magdalena, Itaituba – PA-68183-300, Brazil.
Lucélia Martins de Andrade
Federal Rural University of the Amazon. Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, Nº2501, Neighborhood: Terra Firme. Belém - PA. Zip code: 66077-830, Brazil.
Evaldo Morais da Silva *
Federal University of Pará. Campus Tocantins/Cametá, Rua Padre Antônio Franco - Matinha, Cametá – PA-68400-000, Brazil.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Agroforestry systems are examples of soil exploration that is closer to the natural form of the forest, with intercropping of several species within an area, thus being sustainable alternatives. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the weed community in agroforestry systems in two ecosystems: solid ground and floodplain in the state of Pará. Such collections were made in eight areas, with about one hectare each, cultivated in agroforestry systems, four of which are on dry land and four on floodplains, in the rural area of Cametá-PA. Four plots of one square meter per area were randomly sampled, where the species were identified, counted, and taken to weigh to evaluate the weed community. Among the evaluated environments, the species that stood out the most in the solid ground environment was Kyllinga brevifolia, leading most of the evaluated indices. In the lowland ecosystem, the Brachiaria species purpuracens were the most relevant.
Keywords: Weed community, agroecosystems, sustainable agriculture, brachiaria purpuracens, Kyllinga brevifolia