Effects of Dolutegravir (DTG) on Survival, Pupariation and Emergence in Drosophila melanogaster: The Rescue Role of Brassica oleracea
Amagon Leritshimwa *
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria and African Center of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
Haruna Abigail Awadzi
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
Amagon Kennedy
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
Wanche Ernest Magani
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria and African Center of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
Falang Kakjing Dadul
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
Bukar Bayero Bukata
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The study aimed at determining the protective role of Brassica oleracea on dolutegravir-induced changes in Pupariation and Emergence of Drosophila melanogaster. D. melanogaster aged 3-5 days old were exposed to different concentrations (0.5 to 4 mg/ 5 g diet) of dolutegravir and B. oleracea extract (7.5–1000 mg/5 g diet) for 7 days to determine the lethal concentration (LC50). D. melanogaster were then exposed to the extract (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/5 g diet) and controls (diet alone and vitamin C) to assess their effects on pupariation and emergence. A 14-day assay was also performed to evaluate the effect of the extract and toxicant (dolutegravir) on fly survival. The result showed a dose-dependent significant decrease (P < 0.05) and a dose-dependent significant increase (P < 0.05) in survival for D. melanogaster exposed to dolutegravir and the extract respectively, when compared to the control group. Results showed a delay in pupariation and decrease in mean pupariation in flies exposed to dolutegravir alone. An improvement in the same parameters was observed in D. melanogaster pre-treated with the extract before exposure to dolutegravir. D. melanogaster pre-treated with 200 and 400 mg extract per 5 g diet showed emergence that was comparable to those in the control groups. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in the groups exposed to 50 and 100 mg extract per 5 g diet, suggesting no protection at these doses. This study concludes that B. oleracea leaf extract, at certain concentrations, is able to protect against dolutegravir-induced changes in pupariation and emergence in D. melanogaster.
Keywords: Brassica oleracea, dolutegravir, drosophila, emergence, Pupariation