Physiological and Phytochemical Responses of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Plant on in vitro Callus Formation
Mohammad M. El-Zefzafy
Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products (Tissue Culture), National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Applied Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Egypt
Gouda T. M. Dawoud
Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products (Phytochemistry), National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Applied Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Egypt
Ismail M. A. M. Shahhat *
Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products (Plant Physiology), National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Applied Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Egypt and Department of Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Science, Northern Border University, KSA
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Two experiments were carried out to determine the physiological and phytochemical responses in Rosmarinus officinalis on in vitro callus formation/induction using natural and synthetic auxin, different cytokinin types and concentrations, different phenylalanine concentrations and varying incubation periods. The first one was conducted to study the effect of different auxin types; IAA or NAA combined with cytokinins; BAP or TDZ. Second was done to examine the interaction between phenylalanine and incubation period. The results indicated that callus induction was completely inhibited in the absence of both auxin and cytokinin. Different ratios of auxin to cytokinin significantly affected the physiological callus responses. The treatment of NAA0.125 + BAP1.0 gave the highest callus induction and growth. Rosmarinic acid was slightly influenced growth regulators. Maximum callus fresh and dry weight and rosmarinic acid biosynthesis was recorded in (Phe150 + D42) treatment. Phe0.0 + D42 achieved the highest value of callus growth index (CGI), while the lowest CGI was found in the treatment of (Phe150 + D28). The minimum value of relative growth rate (RGR) was resulted with (Phe150 + D56), while (Phe0.0 + D28) achieved the best RGR.
Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis, growth regulators, callus induction, phenylalanine, incubation period, rosmarinic acid