Stimulation of Interleukin-2 [IL-2] Release by Rhizophora mangle Bark Aqueous Extracts and Its Fractions
Elizabeth de Armas
Dirección de Salud Animal, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), Apartado 10 San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, CP 32700, Cuba
Arturo Escobar *
Dirección de Salud Animal, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), Apartado 10 San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, CP 32700, Cuba
Roberto Faure
Dirección de Salud Animal, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), Apartado 10 San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, CP 32700, Cuba
Evangelina Marrero
Dirección de Salud Animal, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), Apartado 10 San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, CP 32700, Cuba
Annie S. W. Bligh
School of Life Sciences, Westminster University, 115 Cavendish St, London, W1W 6UW, UK
Christopher J. Branford-White
School of Human Sciences and Molecular Systems for Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences and Computing, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London, N7 8DB, UK
Kenneth N. White
Sciences and Computing, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London, N7 8DB, UK
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: The objective of the present study was to prepare fractions of polyphenols based on their ability to stimulate release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) from a human T-cell line, Jurkat, in the presence or absence of phorbol myristic acetate (PMA), and to identify the candidate components responsible for this activity.
Study Design: Rhizophora mangle L. [Rhizophoraceae] bark was collected in occident zone of CUBA, was boiled in distilled water and freezer dried for its fractionation.
Methodology: The IL2-releasing the activity of different fractions were quantified using a BD OptEIA Human IL-2 ELISA kit using Jurkat Cells and PMA during the test. The ESI–MS fingerprints of the extracts [ESI-MS/MS] were acquired by the negative ion mode using a Micromass-Waters Q-TOF mass spectrometer.
Results: Guided fractionations from Rhizophora mangle bark aqueous extracts in the evaluation of releasing activity of interleukin 2-stimulated and unstimulated with Jurkat T cells in the presence of PMA showed that the butanolic fraction had an interleukin 2 production of 250 pg mL-1 and an 89.9% yield of procyanidins. Mass spectral studies of the butanolic fraction reflected the presence of compounds that varied between 1000-1333 m/z, indicating the presence of procyanidins up to a tetramer polymerization level linked to glycosides based on monomeric units [epicatechin / catechin]. An increase of IL-2, without prior stimulation with PMA, in the Jurkat T cell model, had not been previously reported for the phenolic compounds.
Conclusion: The compounds characterized preliminarily confirmed the structural diversity of polyphenols present in Rhizophora mangle L plant and its capacity to stimulate release of IL 2.
Keywords: Rhizophora mangle L, interleukin -2, procyanidins, Jurkat T cell