Antileishmanial Effect of Coffea arabica, Salvia rhytidea and Bunium persicum against Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica Promastigotes and Their Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activities
Fatemeh Sharifi
Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Iraj Sharifi
Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Mostafa Pournamdari
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Fariba Sharififar *
Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: This study was aimed to use Coffea arabica, Salvia rhytidea and Bonium persicum extracts against Leishmania major and L. tropica promastigotes to compare various concentrations of these plant extracts. In addition, their cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities were also evaluated.
Study Design: This study was performed experimentally using various concentrations of three medicinal plant extracts compared to control groups.
Methodology: Fresh seeds of C. arabica and B. persicum and leaves of S. rhytidea were powdered and each plant material was extracted by ethyl alcohol via warm maceration method. Complete medium was used to prepare nine final concentrations (1-1000 µg/ml) for experiments. The cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extracts were evaluated using colorimetric cell viability WST1 and DPPH assays. All experiments were performed in triplicate and analyzed by t-test. The optical density (OD) values as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to calculate the IC50 values. Selectivity index (SI) of the plant extracts was not attributed to cytotoxicity when it was ≥ 10.
Results: The results indicated that B. persicum extract had potent antileishmanial activity against the promastigotes of both Leishmania species based on a dose-dependent response (
Keywords: Coffea arabica, Salvia rhytidea, Bunium persicum, antileishmanial, cytotoxicity, antioxidant