Comparative Study of Balkan Sideritis Species from Albania, Bulgaria and Macedonia
Alban Ibraliu
Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania
Antoaneta B. Trendafilova
Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, BAS, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St., bl.9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Boban D. Anđelković
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Bujar Qazimi
Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Vodnjanska 17,1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Dejan M. Gođevac
Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Dorina Shengjergji
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
Ela Bebeci
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
Gjoshe Stefkov
Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Vodnjanska 17,1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Gordana Zdunic
Institute for Medicinal Plants Research, Dr. Josif Pancic, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Ina I. Aneva
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research BAS, 2 Gagarin St, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Ina Pasho
Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Jasmina Petreska-Stanoeva
Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, 1001 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Kalina I. Alipieva
Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, BAS, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St., bl.9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Katarina Savikin
Institute for Medicinal Plants Research, Dr. Josif Pancic, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Ljuba N. Evstatieva
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research BAS, 2 Gagarin St, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Nebojsa Menkovic
Institute for Medicinal Plants Research, Dr. Josif Pancic, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Marina I. Stefova
Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, 1001 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Milena Popova
Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, BAS, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St., bl.9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Milka B. Jadranin
Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Milka N. Todorova
Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, BAS, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St., bl.9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Petko Denev
Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, BAS, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St., bl.9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Svetlana Kulevanova
Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Vodnjanska 17,1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Vassya S. Bankova
Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, BAS, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St., bl.9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Vilma Gurazi
Tirana University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Industrial Chemistry Department, Albania
Vilma Papajani-Toska *
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Sideritis scardica and S. raeseri are very popular medicinal plants in Albania, Macedonia, and Bulgaria.
Objective: Comparison of the phenolic, flavonoid, and diterpene contents and detailed chemical profiles, as well as data on antioxidant activity, comprising plant material from different locations in the Balkan Peninsula.
Materials and Methods: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents for the studied Sideritis samples were determined spectrophotometrically. By HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn analysis, 48 individual phenolic constituents were completely or tentatively identified. Chemical profiling of Sideritis major diterpenes and their quantification was performed by HPLC-ESI-MSD TOF analysis. A combination of two methods (ORAC and DPPH) was applied for evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of Sideritis extracts.
Results: The results obtained demonstrated that Sideritis samples (S. scardica and S. raeseri) collected from Albania, Bulgaria and Macedonia are similar in their chemical profiles (they all contain phenylethanoid glycosides, flavonoid 7-O-diglycosides and acetylated flavonoid 7-O-diglycosides, and diterpenes: main components siderol and sideridiol); and antioxidant activity. Although some differences exist, they are not essential.
Conclusion: This fact is a good basis for the formulation of range for parameters for quality control of Sideritis extracts and plant material. The studied cultivated plant material is similar in its chemical composition, profile and antioxidant activity to the wild growing samples.
Keywords: Sideritis, chemical profiling, phenolics, flavonoids, diterpenes