In vivo Evaluation of Anti-malarial Activity of Stem and Root Extracts of Erythrina abyssinica
Daniel W. Onyango *
Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O.Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Jacob O. Midiwo
Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O.Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the in vivo anti-malarial activity of stem and root extracts of E. abyssinica using the 4-day suppressive in vivo anti-malarial test.
Methodology: Female mice weighing approximately 20±2 g were intra-peritoneally injected with mice passaged Plasmodium berghei parasites. The extracts were then administered orally 2 h post-infection and, subsequently, daily for 4 days. On the 4th day, blood smears were prepared from all the mice, stained with giemsa and parasitaemia as well as chemosuppression determined.
Results: Comparatively, the root extracts exhibited higher chemosuppression than stem extracts and the level of chemosuppression was dose dependent being the highest at 50 mg/kg and lowest at 12.5 mg/kg. Survival time in extract treated and chloroquine treated groups was 2 to 3 fold higher than the –ve control.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that the root extracts are more efficacious in suppressing the development of full blown malaria compared to stem extracts and may be a useful candidate in managing malaria in future.
Keywords: In vivo, anti-malarial, chemosuppression, extracts.