Chemistry of California Lycium cooperi and Lycium andersonii
Gerson Navarrete
USC School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Axel Bracquemond
USC School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Enrique Villasenor
Stevenson Ranch, CA, 91381, USA.
Michelle Wong
Los Angeles, CA, 90005, USA.
James Adams *
USC School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: To examine the chemistry of two California Lycium species and evaluate the possible use of California Lycium species as dietary supplements especially for age related macular degeneration.
Study Design: This exploratory analytical research used samples of Lycium andersonii and Lycium cooperi collected in the field and analyzed in the lab.
Place and Duration of Study: University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA USA 90089.
Methodology: Plant extracts were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography mass spectrometry with ultraviolet photodiode array detection in order to identify the chemical characteristics of compounds found in the plants.
Results: Several known compounds were found in extracts of Lycium cooperi and Lycium andersonii foliage and fruit including: zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin monopalmitate and β-cryptoxanthin. The various California species of Lycium are discussed as possible alternatives to Chinese Lycium barbarum.
Conclusion: California Lycium berries may be suitable substitutes for Chinese Lycium berries.
Keywords: Age related macular degeneration, Lycium, Lycium andersonii, Lycium cooperi, zeaxanthin.